A new scoping review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences highlights the growing scientific evidence that tocotrienols — the more potent form of vitamin E, mainly extracted from palm fruits — play a unique role as natural neuroprotective agents supporting brain and cognitive as well as healthy ageing.
The first review, led by researchers from the National University of Malaysia, was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
By systematically searching PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, the team identified and analysed 24 eligible articles of experimental studies to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of tocotrienols on the brain.
Their findings revealed that tocotrienols exert multiple unique protective mechanisms, including
- antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects: reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers
- regulation of gene and protein expression: modulating key molecular pathways linked to stroke-induced injuries, brain health and resilience
- enhancement of memory and cognitive function: supporting learning, memory and behavioural performance in ageing and neurodegeneration models
- preservation of cell and organelle morphology: protecting neuronal structure and maintaining mitochondrial integrity.
A second review, published in June 2025, compared the distinct roles of tocopherols and tocotrienols in brain health.
The authors highlighted that although α-tocopherol remains the most widely studied, tocotrienols show stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities and hold promise in preserving white matter integrity and modulating neurodegenerative pathways.
Together, both forms of vitamin E may provide complementary benefits for cognitive performance, neuroinflammation and structural brain protection.
Tocotrienol’s antioxidant and neuroprotective activities have been reported to be 40–60 and 1000 times more potent, respectively, than regular vitamin E tocopherol.
Taken collectively, these findings underscore tocotrienol’s unique potential as the next generation of vitamin E, particularly when it comes to supporting brain function and promoting healthy ageing.
“Backed by growing scientific evidence, tocotrienols are emerging as promising neuroprotective agents that support and protect brain cells, cognitive functions and memory as well as healthier ageing,” said Dr Ariati Aris, Scientific Affairs Specialist at PhytoGaia.
“A recently published clinical study shows that TocoGaia enhances psychological well-being, modulates oxidative stress and supports genomic stability in ageing populations.”
“Building on this, we are now planning a new randomised-controlled trial with TocoGaia for cognitive health, which we believe will further validate tocotrienols’ role as next-generation brain phytonutrient,” added Dr Aris.
“At PhytoGaia, we are a proud supplier of TocoGaia — full full-spectrum tocotrienol complex that is backed by robust science and uncompromising quality,” said Mr Bryan See, Vice President of PhytoGaia.
“For our partners and brand owners, TocoGaia offers a unique opportunity to differentiate their formulations with a next-generation vitamin E that delivers more than conventional tocopherols.”
“With the latest science reinforcing tocotrienols’ potent neuroprotective potential, TocoGaia is the perfect ingredient for companies looking to innovate and create value in areas such as brain and cognitive health, healthy ageing and functional nutrition.”
